In the hard, exhaust-choked reality of his days trawling Longhua’s clogged roads, taxi driver Zhang Bo’s ambition to buy a small flat for his young family has slipped out of reach for now.
Like many Chinese who covet real estate as a symbol of stability and social stature, Zhang is dismayed at the alarming climb of apartment prices in his adopted city of Shenzhen in southern China.
‘People can’t afford new flats anymore,’ said Zhang, 28, who drives a taxi to make ends meet after his small electronics factory went belly-up during the financial downturn last year.
‘It’s a very distant goal for us. Something we can only dream about,’ said the spiky-haired native of Hubei province, who takes home around 6,000 yuan (S$1,200) in cab fares a month.
He likes to joke that he now has to work three months just to buy one square metre of residential space in the city’s suburbs.
As one of millions of workers gravitating to China’s major cities in search of work and opportunity, Zhang’s plight mirrors the dilemma faced by many Chinese who are beneficiaries of the country’s economic rise, but who are nevertheless finding it increasingly difficult to own a roof over their heads.
‘The affordability is deteriorating because of the rapidly rising prices and increasing mortgages for home buyers, particularly for investors,’ said Xavier Wong, head of research for greater China at property consultant Knight Frank.
In January, property prices in 70 cities across China rose 9.5 per cent from a year earlier. The eighth consecutive year- on-year rise added to worries of a real estate bubble.
Stephen Green, a China economist at Standard Chartered noted in a report in early February that at least seven cities saw land prices triple in 2009. ‘This is clearly bubble territory for the land markets in many cities,’ he wrote.
The property bubble has become a hot social topic, spawning TV shows, Internet chatter, books and buzzwords such as ‘house slaves’, while the growing ranks of hard-up Chinese couples opting to marry without a home, car and other traditional middle class trappings are dubbed ‘naked marriages’.
A popular TV drama called ‘Dwelling Narrowness’, depicting the tribulations of a family in a city modelled on Shanghai struggling to buy their own apartment, was yanked from the airwaves in some places, hinting at government sensitivities towards the subject matter.
The migration of grassroots families and graduates in major cities to cheap, rented digs on urban fringes, could pose a socio-economic challenge for the government as the middle class malaise could fuel protests and threaten Communist Party rule.
Risks of an asset bubble forming have prompted Beijing to tighten monetary policies to help cap price rises in land and residential markets, with major developers, such as China Vanke watching future policies closely.
For the second time this year, China last week raised the level of reserves banks must hold in a move that could dent demand for risky assets.
Analysts said the government could deploy other tools as well, such as mortgage rates, lifting downpayments of second homes and slapping a property tax to cool the sector.
The measures appear to be working, with sales of new and existing homes down across the country in January, leading to dampened sentiment and a slide in prices in some cities.
Analysts say, however, that the government may not be able to rein in the property sector too aggressively since it is a main pillar of the economy with its investments accounting for over 10 per cent of gross domestic product.
‘The central government is trying to get the price down for a short period of time. They’re squeezing out the people with money to allow the middle class to be able to afford (property) again,’ said Andy Xie, an independent China economist.
‘(But) the local developers who have liquidity know the game. They’ll be asking why should I discount now and sell to poor people when I know the government will come around and open this up again so that they can sell to rich people again.
‘It’s very much a political economy thing,’ he said.
Analysts said a common way of calculating affordability of housing was to measure the percentage of monthly household income needed to pay up mortgage instalments and anywhere between 30 and 40 per cent was deemed reasonable in Asia.
‘You will find that the ratio (in China) is very, very high. (It’s) very unaffordable because a lot of cities – we’re talking about 60 per cent to 70 per cent of their monthly household income – needs to be used for monthly mortgages,’said Wee Liat Lee, an analyst at Nomura International.
‘But the problem with this measure is that you forget the fact that income is extremely skewed in China,’ he said, referring to the ability of many home buyers to pay for their apartments due to the one-child policy, with parents and grandparents pooling their savings to fund the purchases of the only children who are now old enough to own homes.
Overall, analysts say housing prices may rise further, though at a more modest pace than last year as the government is pushing for more affordable housing to hit the market later this year.
Source: Business Times, 18 Feb 2010
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